Vitalik Buterin Accepts Chinese Interview: Discussing the Innovation of Ethereum POS, Layer 2, and AI Integration

On April 7, 2025, Vitalik Buterin was interviewed by Yan, the founder of the DappLearning community, at the Pop-X HK Research House event in Hong Kong. The following are the key points of the interview:

Views on POS Upgrade

Vitalik believes that the prices of BTC and ETH are unrelated to POW and POS. The challenge facing ETH is how to ensure that successful applications bring long-term value to ETH holders. There is a need to support applications that have long-term value for ETH.

PBS Architecture and Centralization Concerns

Vitalik believes this is an important philosophical question. New technologies (ZK, DAS, etc. ) make block building and verification asymmetrical. Although the difficulty of building blocks will increase, the cost of verification will be significantly reduced. He proposed several methods to reduce the risk of malicious behavior by supernodes.

The Relationship Between Layer 1 and Layer 2

Vitalik believes that the current L2 has issues such as slow security progress and insufficient interoperability. He supports enhancing L1 scalability and has proposed several solutions that are expected to increase the L1 Gas limit by 10 times.

Ethereum Upgrade Plan

The Pectra upgrade is scheduled for the end of this month, and the Fusaka upgrade will take place in Q3 or Q4. Measures are being taken to improve coordination efficiency and shorten the upgrade cycle.

Views on Cryptography and AI

Vitalik believes that ZKVM is developing rapidly, and developers should focus on high-level languages. He expressed concerns about the security of MPC and FHE. AI can bridge the gap between experts and novices, having a democratizing effect.

Expectations for the Ethereum Ecosystem

Vitalik hopes that developers can create applications that have real value, are user-friendly, and have a sustainable business model. He believes that developers currently have more resources than ever before, and as long as they come up with good ideas and execute them well, the chances of success are high.