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New Forces in AI Public Chains: Five Major Projects Leading the Blockchain Intelligence Revolution
The Rise of AI Native Public Chains: In-depth Analysis of Five Major AI Layer 1 Projects
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, traditional blockchain architectures have struggled to meet the high-performance computing and complex data processing needs of AI applications. As a result, a number of Layer 1 blockchain platforms optimized for AI have emerged, showcasing diverse characteristics in terms of technology architecture, application scenarios, and business models. This article provides an in-depth analysis of five leading AI Layer 1 projects: Bittensor, Vana, Kite AI, Nillion, and Sahara.
Bittensor: Decentralized AI Network Infrastructure
Bittensor, as an early explorer in the blockchain AI field, is dedicated to building an open decentralized artificial intelligence collaboration network. Its goal is to break down the centralized barriers in traditional AI research and development, allowing more participants to contribute and benefit together.
Bittensor's technical architecture adopts a dual-layer structural design:
This design enables Bittensor to balance the overall stability of the network with the expertise in various fields, providing a flexible infrastructure for the development of decentralized AI.
Ecological Development Progress
The recent dTAO (Dynamic TAO) system upgrade completed by Bittensor is a significant innovation in its economic model. The core of this upgrade lies in optimizing the distribution mechanism of the token TAO, shifting from a resource allocation method that relies on the subjective judgment of validators to a more market-oriented allocation mechanism, allowing resources to flow more precisely to those subnetworks that are truly competitive.
To address the issue of resource allocation, the dTAO upgrade introduces a dynamic resource allocation system based on market mechanisms. This system transforms each subnet into an independent economic unit, driving resource allocation through users' actual demands. Its core innovation is the subnet token (Alpha token) mechanism:
This mechanism significantly improves the efficiency and fairness of resource allocation, solidifying the value of the TAO token and providing more avenues for ordinary users to participate in network governance.
The most active subnets currently include:
Vana: Data Sovereignty and Value Reconstruction Platform
The Vana project focuses on addressing a core issue in today's digital economy: the ownership and value distribution of personal data. The innovation of Vana lies in establishing an ecosystem where users truly own and control their data while being able to derive economic benefits from it.
As an EVM-compatible Layer 1 blockchain network, Vana's technical architecture comprises five core components:
Latest Development Trends
Vana's financing and collaboration expansion continues to advance:
These developments indicate that Vana is actively building a complete ecosystem around data ownership and value realization, and its growth momentum is worth paying attention to.
Kite AI: Technical Breakthrough of AI-native Public Chain
Kite AI is a native Layer 1 blockchain project focused on the field of AI, built on the Avalanche framework. It aims to address various challenges faced by traditional blockchains when handling AI assets, particularly how to achieve clear rights and incentives for AI data, models, and agent contributions. Kite AI proposes four core technological innovations:
PoAI Consensus Mechanism: Proof of Attributed Intelligence is a consensus mechanism pioneered by Kite AI, which accurately tracks the value contributions of data, models, and AI agents through an on-chain verifiable contribution record system. The project has designed a dynamic reward pool mechanism that allocates profits based on contribution proportions, effectively addressing issues such as "data black box" and "model plagiarism" in the traditional AI economy.
Composable AI Subnet: Kite AI adopts a modular architecture, enabling developers to build industry-specific AI collaborative ecosystems on demand. For example, in the healthcare subnet, patient data can be encrypted and selectively authorized to pharmaceutical companies for AI model development, with profits distributed among data subjects, model developers, and subnet maintainers in a certain proportion, creating a multi-win ecological environment.
AI Native Execution Layer: Kite AI is building an on-chain AI native execution layer specifically for handling AI computing tasks such as inference, embedding, and fine-tuning/training. Users can authorize smart contract wallets to execute inference calls and interact with models through this layer. This execution layer not only supports blockchain transactions and state changes but also integrates confidential computing environments (such as Trusted Execution Environments - TEE) to ensure data security and privacy protection during the computing process.
Decentralized Data Engine: Kite AI ensures that data creators receive fair compensation in the AI workflow. The platform includes compliance modules that adhere to regulations such as GDPR/CCPA, meeting data privacy requirements worldwide and reducing compliance costs for developers.
These technological innovations enable Kite AI to create a fairer and more transparent value distribution environment for AI developers and data providers, promoting the decentralized development of AI technology.
Development Status
Kite AI launched the Incentive Testnet on February 6, 2025, which is the first AI-native Layer 1 sovereign blockchain testnet. The testnet performed remarkably well after going live:
Less than 70 hours after the test went online, the number of connected wallets exceeded 100,000. As of now, a total of 1.95 million wallets have joined the incentive test network V1, of which over 1 million wallets have interacted with AI agents, with a total of over 115 million calls.
The project has a strong background, built by an experienced Silicon Valley team. The co-founders have extensive technical leadership experience in the field of artificial intelligence and have worked for several top tech companies. Core team members come from industry-leading enterprises and have academic backgrounds from top universities.
In terms of capital support, the project has received investment from multiple top institutions and has established technical cooperation relationships with several well-known projects.
As a selection committee member in the AI program of a certain platform, Kite AI plays an active role in promoting the development of the platform's artificial intelligence ecosystem. This collaboration aims to establish the platform as a leading blockchain for AI applications.
With the global data economy expected to exceed $70 billion by 2025, Kite AI is poised to become an important infrastructure for data rights confirmation and monetization, and its development potential is worth looking forward to.
Nillion: Frontier Exploration of Privacy Computing
Nillion is redefining the way sensitive data is processed through its unique "blind computation" technology, paving new paths for future digital privacy protection.
Nillion is a decentralized public network based on an innovative cryptographic primitive called Nil Message Compute (NMC), which allows network nodes to operate in a non-traditional blockchain manner. This project was established in November 2021, led by a group of forward-thinking innovators, aiming to create a system that can securely handle high-value data without exposing sensitive details.
Nillion's core advantage lies in its "blind computation" capability------a process that allows data to remain encrypted throughout its lifecycle of storage, transmission, and processing. Its technical architecture integrates various cutting-edge privacy protection technologies:
Nillion's network architecture consists of three main layers: the processing layer ( responsible for secure computation ), the coordination layer ( NilChain, which manages communication between nodes ), and the connection layer ( that serves as a gateway to connect external systems ). This multi-layer architecture enables Nillion to provide powerful computing capabilities while protecting data privacy, catering to the needs of various privacy-sensitive scenarios.
Latest Development Progress
According to the latest information, the development of the Nillion network is progressing steadily: